Diyala Journal for Veterinary Sciences

Investigation the effect of zinc oxide and nickel nano- particles on visceral leishmaniasis in-vitro

2025-03-14T20:54:54+00:00

Abstract:

Leishmaniasis is a widespread ailment in the Iraq, encompassing both cutaneous and visceral. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-leishmanial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) compared to nickel nanoparticles which both biosynthesized by using clove extract as a reducing agent for particle manufacturing. Bio-based zinc oxide nanoparticles and nickel nanoparticles with an average particle size of less than 100 nanometers (nm) were produced and characterized using by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope, FTIR analysis and X-rays diffraction. The antileishmanial activities were investigated through (MTT) 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (cell viability assay. After 24 h of exposure with six concentrations nanoparticles (ZnO and Ni NPs), a concentration-dependent growth inhibition was observed. The IC50 values were determined against promastigotes of L. donovani as 59.06 µg/ml for ZnO NPs and 39,55 µg/ml for NiNPs, with observing statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The results indicated that ZnO NPs and NiNPs had noticeable effect on the inhibition ratio and viability of the L. donovani promastigotes in a dose-dependent manner under laboratory conditions. recommend study Based on the present results, it has been concluded that ZnO NPs had little effect on L. donvani at the same concentrations in vitro. On the other hand, there is a direct destructive effect of nickel on different forms (promastigotes) of Leishmania donvani parasite, also, the destruction of parasites increases with concentrations of nickel NPs used, and the best concentration was 160 μg/ml after 24hr.

Aims:

1- Produce synthesized biological nanoparticles including (zinic oxide and nickel) from clove extract.

2- Study the effect of zinc oxide on Leishmania donavani.

3- Study the effect of nickel on Leishmania donavani.

4-Investigate and compare the impact of these nano- particles on viability of promastigote in MTT assay in in-vitro condition.

Molecular Identification and Sequence Analysis with Phylogenetic Tree for Nakaseomyces glabratus Isolated from Vulvovaginitis in Mares in Baghdad, Iraq

2025-04-13T01:57:10+00:00

This study aimed to molecularly identify Nakaseomyces glabratus isolates obtained from mares diagnosed with vulvovaginitis in Baghdad, Iraq, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Vaginal swabs were collected from 100 mares with clinical vulvovaginitis, cultured, and initially characterized through morphological and biochemical approaches. Molecular identification targeted the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domains using species-specific primers. Sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed a high similarity between the Iraqi N. glabratus isolates and global strains, reaffirming their evolutionary stability. This study underscores the significance of molecular diagnostics in accurately identifying non-albicans Candida species and highlights the necessity for improved diagnostic protocols in Iraq.

Prevalence of blaSHV, blaNDM beta-lactamase genes using multiplex PCR in clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis

2025-03-05T19:05:40+00:00

Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacterium that cause various diseases in medical healthcare situations. This study aimed to detect P. mirabilis with multi drug resistance by morphological and biochemical methods and to determine some virulence factors by phenotype methods as well as detecting of genes encoding antibiotic resistance including (blaNDM and blaSHV) through multiplex PCR, in clinical samples. 180 samples from different clinical sites including (urine, discharge, otitis media, wounds, and vaginitis) were collected from both males and females in different ages during September 2024 to December 2024 from Baquba Teaching Hospital and Al-Batoul Maternity and Children's Hospital in Diyala Governorate/Iraq. Results revealed that 20 (18.18%) isolates of P. mirabilis were obtained. In this study, a higher rate of positive isolates was recorded in urine samples (65%). Also, 45% of isolates were ESBL producers and 30% were Metallo BL producers. The most effective antimicrobial agents against all isolates are meropenem followed by Amikacin. Resistant of P. mirabilis for many antibiotics, especially Trimethoprim and ampicillin. Molecular detection of beta lactamase genes revealed that only 6 (30%) had blaSHV gene while blaNDM only in 7 (35%) of isolates.

Ultrasound and Anatomical Analysis of Abdominal Artery in Pregnant Rabbits

2025-03-16T12:09:54+00:00

Abstract: Background: The abdominal and pelvic arteries play an important role in regulating blood flow to vital organs, especially during pregnancy due to the numerous physiological changes that occur to ensure adequate blood flow to the fetus and its supporting tissues. Latex injection is also an effective tool for revealing the anatomical distribution of arteries. Ten pregnant female domestic rabbits were used. Color Doppler ultrasound of the celiac arteries was performed from the dorsal position. The rabbits were then anesthetized and given a latex injection via the left ventricle. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the abdominal arteries in pregnant female rabbits using color Doppler, providing reference data on their diameters. It also seeks to study the major anatomical locations of the abdominal arteries using intravascular latex injection. Results: Color Doppler ultrasound results showed that the mean hepatic artery diameter was (0.196 ±0.005) cm and the mean renal artery diameter was (0.292 ±0.009) cm. Anatomically, The results of latex injection showed that the injected arteries retained their anatomical flexibility, which helped clearly show the anatomical path of the arteries and facilitated the process of identifying their locations and anatomical relationships with the adjacent tissues. The results indicated that the aorta was the main artery supplying the abdomen, which in turn branches into the celiac artery, which gives off two major branches: the splenic artery and the common trunk, the mesenteric artery, and the two renal arteries, where the right renal artery was located higher in origin and shorter in lengththan the left renal artery. Conclusions: Color Doppler ultrasound also provides a clear and accurate image of the artery's diameter, but it cannot image all the arteries that appear when a rabbit carcass is injected with latex for several reasons, including the interference of fat and other tissues with the arteries.

Clinical applications of cloprostenol sodium in treating some reproductive disorders in cows

2025-03-26T10:12:00+00:00

The study conducted in Diyala province in the period extends from 1/1/2024 until 1/1/2025. It involved 25 multiparous cows experiencing many reproductive disorders. All cows divided into three groups; the first group (Gr-1) consists of five cows suffering luteal cyst and treated by intramuscular injection of cloprostenol sodium (synthetic analogue of PGF2α) with 600 micrograms (one time injection). These cows presented to estrus and inseminated within 32-36 days post treatment. Second group (Gr-2) consists of sixteen cows experiencing retained placenta and injected intramuscularly with cloprostenol sodium (600 micrograms) for one time as well. Ten cows responded to the treatment and characterized by complete removal of retained placenta within 3-4 days after treatment, and the estrus in addition to inseminated occur within 54-63 days post treatment, the remaining six cows were treated by manually removing the retained placenta and inserting five uterine tablets containing 500 mg of oxytetracycline. Additionally, they received a single intramuscular injection of 20 ml (4 grams) of 20% oxytetracycline and four milligrams of estradiol hormone. These six cows showed signs of estrus and inseminated within 72 days from the treatment. Third group (Gr-3) consists of 4 cows infected with pyometra injected intramuscularly with cloprostenol sodium (600 micrograms) for one time plus intrauterine injection of 10% oxytetracycline (2gms)(20 ml) diluted by 30 ml normal saline three times with seven days apart among these three times, and these cows presented to estrus and inseminated within 54-58 days post treatment. With significant difference among the three treated groups in the time of estrus onset and artificially inseminated at (P≤0.01).

It could be concluded that cloprostenol sodium was effective in treating many reproductive disorders in cows.

Isolation Escherichia coli from Clinical Mastitis of Dairy Cattle in Diyala Governorate

2025-05-20T19:19:07+00:00

Background: Mastitis is worldwide distributed disease affect farm animals especially cattle and cause economic losses characterized by decrease of milk production. This study aimed to determine the percentage of Ecoli infection of dairy cattle in diyala governorate. Method: Isolation of E. coli by using MacConkey and EMB agers then confirm the isolates by PCR method depending on the 16s ribosomal gene . Result: The result represent that there were 20 samples of clinical mastitis milk give positive result about 40 of the total samples that collected, while there were 30 samples of clinical mastitis give negative result about 60 of total collected samples. The E.coli isolates were give positive result for 16s ribosomal gene. Conclusion: E. coli was common cause of mastitis in the cattle with high prevalence.

Key words: E. coli, mastitis, cattle

Some Brain Dysfunctions induced by Acrylamide and possible mitigating role of Alpha-lipoic acid in adult rats

2025-05-20T19:20:34+00:00

The current study was conducted to find out the neurotoxic effect of the Acrylamide (ACR) and the role of Alpha lipioc acid (ALA) to ameliorate the ACR neurotoxicity.

Fifteen adult male rats were subjected in this study, and assigned randomly into three equal groups. Control group (CCG), were had tab water for 45 days by gavage needle, Acrylamide group (ACG), rat in this group had acrylamide (ACR) 5mg/kg B.W by gavage needle for 45 days and Acrylamide and Alpha Lipioc group (ALG), rats had acrylamide (ACR) 5mg/kg B.W. and Alpha lipioc acid (ALA) 100mg/kg B.W. for 35 days orally as well. At the end of study, the behavioural testing was performed and brains were harvested for histopathological examination.

The current studies showed the oral exposure to ACR impaired rats neurobahaviors, while treatment of ALA retrieved the normal behaviours.

Moreover, histopathological examination of brain sections animal exposed to ACR

shows microglial cells aggregation in one side of blood vessels in parenchyma and inflammatory cells around and in congested blood vessels, furtyhermore, proliferation of microglial cells with Alzheimer type II astrocyte were notice as well. However, the sections of ALG showed ameliorative effect in this regard.

In Conclusion Acrylamide impaired some brain activities and structure, and alpha lipoic acid shielded the brain and restore the normal function, and structure.

Enhance the healing of second degree skin burn by hyaluronic acid extract and Aloe Vera gel in rabbit

2025-03-26T10:03:58+00:00

خلاصة:

تستكشف هذه الدراسة التأثيرات العلاجية لحمض الهيالورونيك المستخرج من الجسم الزجاجي لعيون الأبقار على الحروق من الدرجة الثانية في الأرانب البيضاء، ومقارنة فعاليته مع مستخلص الصبار، وهو علاج شائع الاستخدام لإصابات الحروق، ومجموعة تحكم لم تتلق أي علاج. تم تقسيم 45 أرنبًا أبيضًا ذكرًا من نيوزيلندا بشكل عشوائي إلى ثلاث مجموعات من 15 حيوانًا، تم تقسيم كل مجموعة إلى مجموعات فرعية لكل 7 و 14 و 21 يومًا. عولجت المجموعة الأولى بحمض الهيالورونيك المستخرج، وتلقت المجموعة الثانية تطبيقًا موضعيًا لمستخلص الصبار، والمجموعة الثالثة عملت كمجموعة تحكم ولم تتلق أي علاج. تم تطبيق جميع الحيوانات المعالجة مرة واحدة يوميًا لمدة 7 أيام. تم تقييم عملية الشفاء بالعين المجردة والمجهرية في 7 و 14 و 21 يومًا بعد العلاج.

أظهرت المجموعة المعالجة بحمض الهيالورونيك التئام الجروح بشكل أسرع، وإعادة تكوين الظهارة بشكل أسرع، وانخفاض الالتهاب، والحد الأدنى من الندبات مقارنة بكل من المجموعة المعالجة بخلاصة الصبار والمجموعة الضابطة. أظهرت المجموعة المعالجة بخلاصة الصبار تحسنًا معتدلًا في التئام الجروح ولكنها تأخرت عن المجموعة المستخرجة بحمض الهيالورونيك، بينما أظهرت المجموعة الضابطة أبطأ معدل شفاء، مع التهاب مطول، وترسب أقل تنظيمًا للكولاجين، وندبات ملحوظة.

أظهرت الفحوصات النسيجية زيادة في ترسب الكولاجين ونشاط الخلايا الليفية وتجديد الأنسجة في الجروح المعالجة بحمض الهيالورونيك، والتي كانت أفضل بكثير من تلك التي لوحظت في المجموعتين الأخريين. تشير هذه النتائج إلى أن حمض الهيالورونيك المستخرج، بتوافقه الحيوي وخصائصه التجديدية، يحمل وعدًا كبيرًا كعلاج طبيعي فعال لإصابات الحروق، حيث يوفر بديلاً قابلاً للتطبيق للعلاجات التقليدية القائمة على حمض الهيالورونيك.

Antimicrobial effect of Capsaicin extracted from Capsicum annuum on HWP1 gene expression of Candida albicans.

2025-03-25T06:35:23+00:00

Background: Cutaneous lesions of candidiasis in dogs are characterized by erythematous moist erosions with an irregular contour and there may be alopecia, crusting, ulceration and edema. Therefore, the skin scrapings and skin biopsy are the main methods for cutaneous candidiasis diagnosis in dogs.Protein agglutinin-like sequence proteins (HWP1) are examples of adhesion proteins which activate with encoded many targeted genes like (HWP1) . HWP1 gene which are involved in C. albicans on host cells in cutaneous Candidiasis. Capsaicin is structure is extracted from Capsicum annuum L., it was showed that active for treatment of different microbial skin problems such as cutaneous candidiasis.Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the effectiveness of capsaicin against on the biofilm gene expression () for Can HWP1dida albicansisolated from canine cutaneous Candidiasis. Material and methods:A total of 100 skin samples from German Shepherd-K9 dogs (Canis lupus L.) which infected with cutaneous candidiasis. All of the isolated C. albicans were examined under a microscope, on a larger scale, and using biochemistry. screening and purification methods were used to look into the detection of capsaicin from Capsicum annuum L.. The expression of (HWP1) gene before and after treatment with capsaicin was compared using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: The agar wells diffusion technique was the most effective, according to the results. The results show that folding of this gene was reduced after capsaicin treatment which means that capsaicin inhibits the gene expression of biofilm formation of C. albicans. Conclusions: Our conclusions were the gene expression showed that the levels of gene HWP1were up-regulated in biofilm formation isolates with highest expression folding 1.00 before capsaicin treatment and the expression was reduced after treatment.

Amelioration of anti-inflammatory properties of Acetaminophen by Agmatine sulphate

2025-05-20T19:25:00+00:00

Background:The management of inflammatory conditions like gout arthritis often involves acetaminophen for pain relief, though its anti-inflammatory efficacy is limited. Agmatine sulfate has been shown to potentially enhance the anti-inflammatory properties of acetaminophen, offering a promising approach to improving treatment outcomes for gout patients. Forty male wister albino rats, were used in this study and divided into five groups (n= 8 rats/group) and orally administered with the followings: Group 1 received 1000mg/kg of agmatine sulphate; Group 2 received 1000mg/kg of acetaminophen; Group 3 animals were co-administered with 900mg/kg of acetaminophen and 100mg/kg of agmatine sulphate, respectively; Group 4 rats were co-administered with 077mg/kg of acetaminophen and 300mg/kg of agmatine sulphate, respectively. Group 5 is co-administered with acetaminophen (500mg/kg) and agmatine sulphate (500mg/kg), respectively. Aims:The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of acetaminophen (using various doses of acetaminophen-agmatine sulphate combination) against gouty arthritis induced by monosodium urate crystals in male rats. Results: This study found that all gouty arthritis treated groups had significantly low levels (P<0.05) of white blood cells and visual weight-bearing test. Haemoglobin and red blood cell counts in groups 4 and group 5 demonstrated high significant values (P<0.05). Joint stiffness in groups 1 and group 5 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conversely, mobility test exhibited the high significant score (P<0.05) in all groups. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate exhibited a substantial decrease (P<0.05) in groups 4 and group 5. Conclusions:Overall, this study indicated that agmatine enhances the therapeutic profile of acetaminophen as mild anti-inflammatory agent when given as combination